This collection documents the lives of Mexican and Mexican-American copper miners in the Clifton-Morenci area who worked in the Phelps Dodge Copper Mine and their efforts to form a union between 1900 and 1950.
Identification:
MP SPC 186
Language:
Material in English
Repository:
Arizona State University Library. Chicano Research Collection
Arizona State University Library
P.O. Box 871006
Tempe, AZ 85287-1006
Phone: (480) 965-4932
E-Mail: archives@asu.edu Questions? Ask An Archivist!
Historical Note
No historical information is available.
Scope and Content Note
The photographs in this collection were gathered by Hector Galan Productions of Austin, Texas to be used in the documentary Los Mineros, which was part of a prime time, public television series called American Experience. It was originally broadcast on January 28, 1991.
The collection and the documentary trace the lives of Mexican and Mexican-American copper miners in the Clifton-Morenci area who worked in the Phelps Dodge Copper Mine and their efforts to form a union between 1900 and 1950. The collection includes scenes of labor organizing by the Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W.) and the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers; the Bisbee Deportation (1917); the repatriation of Mexican miners during the Depression; the military service of Mexican-Americans in both World Wars; the living conditions of the miners' families; and working conditions in the mines. Most photographs were made in the Clifton-Morenci area, although a number were made by servicemen while overseas during World War II. Most photographs are snapshots by unidentified photographers, although there are a few commercial and studio photographs.
Arrangement
This collection consists of seven hundred and nine photographs divided into seventeen series:
Reproductions from this collection may not be exhibited, published, or copied in any fashion without the advanced, written permission of the department. A fee may be charged for some forms of use. Reproductions from this collection may not be placed in another archive or repository without the written consent of the department.
To view this collection, make an appointment at least five business days prior to your visit by contacting Ask an Archivist or calling (480) 965-4932. Appointments in the Distinctive Collections Wurzburger Reading Room at Hayden Library (rm. 138) on the Tempe campus are available on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Wednesday from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.; and Friday from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Copyright
The Arizona Board of Regents retains copyright to this collection for and on behalf of Distinctive Collections, Arizona State University Library. Requests for permissions to publish, display, or redistribute information from this collection must be submitted via our online application.
Los Mineros [Video Recording]. Produced and Directed by Hector Galan. Available both in English and Spanish.
MSS 137: Clinton Jencks Papers, 1950-1957 (guide available at http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/asu/jencks.xml) contain information about Jencks' labor organizing activities with the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelters Workers in the Southwest between 1950 and 1957. They also house IUMMSW union memorandums, newsletters, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, and printed matter documenting Jencks' work as the international union representative of Amalgamated Bayard District Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Local 890, a union with a predominately Mexican American membership. Finally, the collection includes information about the fifteen-month Empire Zinc strike in Hanover, New Mexico led by Local 890 of IUMMSW and information about the "Jencks Case," the 1954 trial in El Paso, Texas where Jencks successfully fought false charges brought against him by an undercover FBI informant who believed Jencks to be a member of the Communist Party.
Access Terms
Personal Name(s)
Castro, Raul H. (Raul Hector), 1916-2015
Galán, Hector.
Jencks, Clinton E., 1918-2005.
Corporate Name(s)
Industrial Workers of the World.
International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers.
New Jersey Zinc Company.
Phelps Dodge Corporation.
Geographic Name(s)
Bisbee (Ariz.).
Clifton (Ariz.).
Hanover (N.H.).
Morenci (Ariz.).
Subject(s)
Bisbee (Ariz.) -- Social conditions -- Photographs.
Copper mines and mining -- Arizona -- Photographs.
[Identification of item], Los Mineros Photographs, [Series], Arizona State University Library.
Provenance
These photographs were originally gathered by Hector Galan Productions of Austin, Texas between 1989 and 1990 during the production of the television program Los Mineros. Owners of the photographs were asked to loan them to the Department of Archives and Special Collections, Arizona State University Libraries to be copied and assembled into this collection. Copy photography was done in the department by staff photographer D. Ted Harris. A number of individuals allowed the department to keep the originals as well.
Processing Note
The call number for the collection as a whole is MP SPC 186. Each series is numbered, separated from the collection number by a period. Each item within a series is numbered, separated from the series number by a colon. For example, MP SPC 186.6:4 is the fourth item in the sixth series in this collection.
Arthur G. Castro is the nephew of Raul Castro, first Mexican-American Governor of Arizona.
3: 1
Studio portrait of Francisco Castro, Sr.,
circa 1920
3: 2
Snapshot of Raul Castro and a young woman boxing outdoors,
circa 1920
3: 3
Class portrait of students at Pirtleville School; Raul Castro is second from right in back
3: 4
Raul Castro in white shirt and pants standing next to an automobile,
circa 1930
3: 5
Snapshot of smelter workers; Francisco Castro, Jr. is second from the right; Clifton-Morenci, Arizona,
circa 1930
3: 6
Snapshot of the Castro family in a yard; Mrs. Castro is in the middle, Raul is kneeling,
circa 1930
3: 7
Studio portrait of Aunt, Enriqueta, and two Castro brothers (possibly Ignacio seated); Nogales,
1908
3: 8
Group portrait of the Castro family; Raul Castro and wife in back. Photographed by Gonz lez Baz [sic],
circa 1940
3: 9
Studio portrait of Francisco Castro, Sr.,
circa 1920 (Duplicate of SPC 186.3:1)
3: 10
Snapshot of men in a parade with flags and the banner of the Sociedad Mutalista of Douglas, Arizona,
1925
3: 11
Group portrait of Ignacio, Alfonso, Angel, Francisco, Jr., and Raul Castro with Chalita (Ignacio's mother) sitting,
circa 1954
3: 12
Color snapshot of Francisco, Raul, Enriqueta, Angel, and Ignacio Castro at Raul's gubernatorial inauguration,
1975
3: 13
Snapshot of Chalita, Angel, and all of their grandchildren,
circa 1940
3: 14
Snapshot of Ernesto, Soita, Calderon, Chicote, Raul, and Guilo seated on the front of a car,
circa 1945
3: 15
La Carcel de Cananea; postcard photograph. Sonora, Mexico. Photographed by MF
3: 16
Group portrait outdoors in the snow in front of an adobe building (K-R) Great Tio, Tio Castro, Chalita, unidentified child, Preciano, two of Chalita's sisters and an unidentified child. Cananea or Douglas, Arizona,
circa 1900
3: 17
Group portrait of ten obreros en Carcel de Cananea [fragment]; Francisco Castro, Ignacio's father, is standing to the far right,
1907
3: 18
Recuredo de nuestro antepasados. Studio portrait of ten obreros; Francisco Castro is second from the far left, standing; Pueblo Nuevo,
1916
3: 19
Wedding entourage with horse-drawn carriage; Chalita and Francisca Castro standing to the right with child in arms; s.l.,
circa 1920
Studio portrait of Umberto (Benny) Haro in U.S. Army uniform at the beginning of World War II,
1940-1941
4: 2
Snapshot of Cipriano Haro in uniform of World War II flight crew; inscribed: "to my whole family",
1945
4: 3
Snapshot of five men with shovels making an outpost in the Aleutian Islands during World War II; Jose Garcia is one of the men,
circa 1945
4: 4
Gonzalo and Benny; snapshot of Benny Haro and another man in uniform in front of tents,
circa 1945
Benny Haro was in Army Reconnaisance.
4: 5
Christmas photo postcard showing interior of Pasttime Bar; Moise Delgado, Gilbert Preciado, Gilbert Navarro, and other celebrating after the end of World War II; Superior, Arizona,
1945-1946
4: 6
Snapshot of Trini and Maria Haro and Haro family children doing the weekly laundry outside a stone building,
circa 1930
4: 7
Snapshot of a group of seven soldiers including Dave Avendano and Jose Garcia; Aleutian Islands,
circa 1945
Clinton Jencks at microphone during an MMSWU convention; David Velasquez is seated in the audience in front of the District 2 sign, Henry Marquez is seated in front of him, and the representative from Silver City is behind Velasquez. Photograph by Mickey Pallas (Mocked Up for Newspaper Reproduction)
5: 2
Clinton Jencks and five Mexican-American labor organizers seated at a table in a jail
5: 3
Group portrait of Clinton Jencks and five Mexican-American labor organizers
5: 4
Clinton Jencks and five Mexican-American labor organizers behind bars in jail
5: 5
Women marching in a strike line; Silver City, New Mexico,
circa 1950
5: 6
Mexican-American women being accosted by a Euro-American male wearing a gun belt. Amalgamated Bayard District Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, Local 890; Bayard, New Mexico
Regarding Bayard District-wide mine/mill union strike. This picture L to R: at Empire div. of the New Jersey Zinc Co. 11 mo. picket line, Hanover, New Mexico near Bayard Louis Rhea, former Co. paid gunman now stationed at Hanover as Deputy Sheriff making arrest of women picket. Mary Perez, from the all-woman picket line being black-jacked (Note: black-jack just to left of her shoulder a short distance from his clinched fist). Note: Now held in jail on complaints of Rhea and another deputy sheriff who is a scab, for peace bond guaranteeing their safety, who testify they are "deathly afraid" of her, this photo is proof of the opposite.
5: 7
Hurt woman in a street surrounded by other women strikers being given medical aid,
circa 1950
5: 8
E-2 strike. Mineros carrying a picket sign standing with Clinton Jencks; mine building in background; Jencks in far right (Crop Marks in Grease Pencil on Image)
5: 9
E-2 pickets Jesus Becerra and Juan Padilla seated next to International Representative Clinton Jencks; sign in background reads "We want equality with other workers ..."
5: 10
During E-2 strike. Juan Padilla with Clinton Jencks
5: 11
Courthouse rally during Empire Zinc strike. Foreground: Mr. and Mrs. Pablo Montoya and son, chief shop steward, and family; Clinton E. Jencks, international union representative,
1951
5: 12
District Court House during trial of Local 890, International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union leaders on charges of contempt of court for allowing violation of Judge Marshall's injunction against picketing in Empire Zinc Strike at Hanover, New Mexico; Silver City, New Mexico,
1950-1952
5: 13
Aftermath of Empire Zinc Strike, 1950-1952. Floyd Bostick's house burned by arsonist
Bostick was the only Anglo Executive Board Member of Local 890, IUMMSW, except for Clinton E. Jencks, President of Local 809 and later full-time International Union Representative.
5: 14
Actual company housing. Empire Zinc Co., Hanover, New Mexico. Note outhouse in Chicano housing area,
1951
Actual woman's picket line. Empire Zinc Company,
1951
5: 17
Empire Zine Strike picket line. Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 18
The women of Grant County on the Empire Zinc line. Hanover, New Mexico,
1951 Summer
5: 19
Empire Zinc Strike picket line. Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 20
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Polanco after being run down by a scab car on line. Empire Zinc Strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951 August
5: 21
Left-Right: Fayette Rice (Trigger-Happy Rice), company-paid gunman; L. Brown, chief deputy for Grant County Sheriff Goforth. Empire Zinc strike,
1951 July
In the car, but not in sight except arm, is Deputy Sheriff Lester Williams, soon to take over new bunch of deputies at Empire Zinc picket line.
5: 22
Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 23
Virginia Chacon, foreground, officer of the Ladies Auxillary and wife of President of Local 890, IUMM and SW on actual picket line, Empire Zinc Strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 24
Women knitting on picket line. Empire Zinc strike. Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 25
Henry Polanco, run down by strike breaker's auto on picket line. Empire Zinc Strike; Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 26
Empire Zinc strike, New Jersey Zinc Co., Hanover New Mexico, Mine Mill local 890. State police guarding Grant County Courthouse while Mine Mill strike leadership stand trial
5: 27
Strikers and families at Empire Zinc strike picket line, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 28
Women pickets at Empire Zinc strike picket line, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 29
Strike-breaker auto and deputy sheriffs in front of women's picket line, Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 30
Taking over the courthouse during an injunction hearing, the M-M mob. Empire Zinc,
1951 July
Mrs. Iguado, on crutches, was run down by striker breakers' auto attempting to crash through picket line.
5: 31
Mrs. Iguado after having been run down by strike breaker car, resting in picket line tent, Empire Zinc strike, Hanover New Mexico,
1951
5: 32
Women's picket line, Empire Zinc strike, Hanover New Mexico,
1951
5: 33
Strike breaker's vehicle racing engine, threatening to run down women on picket line. Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 34
Hanover, New Mexico, New Jersey Zinc strike. 15 Mexican-American women in picket line
5: 35
Women picketing in the rain, Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 36
District court house, Silver City, New Mexico. Union supporters during trial of union leaders for contempt allegedly allowing violations of Judge Marshall's injunction against picketing,
1952
5: 37
Mrs. Consuelo Martinez, taking to hospital after two scab cars, bumper to bumper, ran over her on Empire Zinc line, breaking thigh in 3 places. Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951 August 23
5: 38
Empire Zinc strike, New Jersey Zinc company, Hanover New Mexico. Mine Mill Local 890. Scabs wait while women picket
5: 39
Christmas on the Empire Zinc picket lines, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 40
L to R: Carmen Molina; Rudy Chapin
5: 41
Empire Zinc strike picket line. Company housing in background,
Undated
5: 42
Empire Zinc picket shack, Hanover, New Mexico,
Undated
5: 43
Tear gas on the Empire Zinc line,
1951 June 13
5: 44
Mine-Mill union women and children after release from Grant County jail tear gassed and jailed for picketing in Empire Zinc strike by Sheriff Goforth and District Attorney Tom Foy,
1951 June 16
119 arrested and jailed.
5: 45
Women and children awaiting trial. Empire Zinc strike
5: 46
Augustine Martinez, by-stander, during picket line assault by strike breakers,
1951 August 23
Scab shot into the crowd on hill, injuring Martinez, just returned from service in U.S. armed forces. Martinez spent a long time at Fort Baynard VA hospital after shooting.
5: 47
Some of the women going to court, June 18. Youngest jailed, Juan Velasquez, in arms of mother (to left of union's attorney, Serna) 29-day-old strike on date of jailing
Brother Velasquez is VP of Local 890 and strike commission chairman.
5: 48
Company gunmen waiting trial to raid the all-woman picket line the arrest the women pickets for assault and battery. Empire Zinc strike, New Jersey Zinc Co., Hanover, New Mexico, Mine Mill Local 890
5: 49
Albert Munoz, worker and his home. Grant County, New Mexico
5: 50
Scabs at picket line trying to provoke the women on the all woman picket line into throwing rocks at them by use of sign and other agitation
The one on the left, Hartless, was later arrested for indecent exposure by women and children pickets. All 3 scabs are under-age, two are high school students hired by the company as scabs. This was an 11-month strike Empire Division of the New Jersey Zinc Co., Hanover, New Mexico.
5: 51
The most arrested woman [Mrs. Elvira Molano] in Empire Zinc strike making another trip to jail
Mrs. Elvira Molano, co-chairman, Union Negotiating Committee. All arrests to date, assault and battery on company paid gunmen.
5: 52
Junior pickets. Empire Zinc picket line,
1951 July
5: 53
Miss Juarez, 14-yrs.-old. Empire Zinc strike. Run down by scab,
1951 July
5: 54
All-woman picket line since June 13. Empire Zinc workers on strike since October 1950. Hanover, New Mexico
5: 55
Rachel Juarez, 14 years old, after being released from hospital. Empire Zinc strike,
1951
She was the teen-age girl who was driven over by scabs, August 23, 1951. Rachel is not able to do her picket duty, still suffering from shock, bruises and injuries. Rachel said upon release from hospital: "I'll be back on the picket line in a couple of days and sooner if scabs come".
5: 56
Mrs. Consuelo Martinez, wife of striker and mother of 5 children after being run down Aug. 23, by scab-driven autos at Empire Division of New Jersey Zinc Company strike; hospitalized with broken leg
Sheriff L. K. Goforth and all his deputies were present at the time; 4 hospitalized, still no arrests.
5: 57
Empire Zinc strike picket line, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 58
Empire Zinc strike picket line, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 59
Mrs. Charles Chavez and Mrs. Elvira Molano, L to R respectively ... being taken to Grant County Jail by special deputy Louis Rhea, reported on pay-roll of Empire Zinc Company
Rhea's brother is a scab working behind the picket line; he was a company gunman prior to scabbing. Mrs. Chavez and Mrs. Molano's husband's seniority totals 43 years with the company. The women were charged with assault and battery by company scabs and gunmen. Mrs. Molano is in jail, one of the Mine-Mill 6.
5: 60
Wife of Local 890 members (pickets) attending trial of Mine Mill, outside of court after walking out
5: 61
The most arrested woman in the Empire Zinc Strike, Mrs. Molano (with black purse). Picture taken at Grant County Courthouse during trial of Mine Mill Six
5: 62
Women gathered around fallen woman, doctor attending to her injury; Empire Zinc strike picket line,
1951
5: 63
Miners, women, and children in crowd scene. Empire Zinc strike picket line, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 64
Rachel Juarez, 14-year-old daughter of Mine Mill Local 890 striker, run down by scab auto. Mine Mill Union strike,
1951 October 23
5: 65
L to R: Mrs. Mary Perez (wearing cap), mother of two small children and wife of Local 890 striker; Mrs. Elvira Molano, 59-year-old wife of Empire Zinc striker with over 30 years seniority with the company, 7 times arrested for assault and battery on scabs and company-paid lawmen; Louis Horseface Rhea, special deputy supposedly paid by company and former company-paid gunman
5: 66
L to R: 14-year-old Rudy Chapin, being arrested by Louis Horseface Rhea. Empire Zinc strike, Hanover New Mexico,
1951 October 23
5: 67
Violence in Hanover, New Mexico,=,
1951 October 23
5: 68
The arrest of one of the Mill Mine Six. L to R: Mary Perez; Louis Rhea; Marvin Mosley
5: 69
Mrs. Martinez, one of the women pickets run over by scab strike breaker, Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico,
1951 October 23
5: 70
Local 890, IUMM and SW union leaders in jail; L to R: Ernesto Velasquez; Clinton E. Jencks; Pablo Montoya; Fred Barreras; Cipriano Montoya; Vicente Becerra
5: 71
Local 890, IUMM and SW union leaders jailed on charges of conspiracy to violate injunction of State District Court Judge Marshall limiting picketing in Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico, Grant County Jail in Silver City, New Mexico. L to R: Fred Barreras; Ernesto Velasquez; Vicente Becerra; Cipriano Montoya, Pres. Local 890, IUMM and SW; Clinton E. Jencks, International Representative;, IUMM and SW, former Local 890 President
5: 72
Local 890, IUMM and SW union leaders, just before being jailed for 90 days by Judge Marshall for contempt of court by allegedly aiding and abetting violation of injunction against picketing in Empire Zinc strike, Hanover, New Mexico. L to R: front row, Pablo Montoya; Clinton E. Jencks; Fred Barreras; back row, Ernesto Velasquez, Cipriano Montoya; Vicente Becerra
5: 73
Marvin Mosley, former company paid gunman, now scab, working behind Mine Mill Union picket line at Empire division of New Jersey Zinc Co., Hanover, New Mexico
Mosley also holds Deputy commission and makes arrests of women at the request of the company or the sheriff. At left is Henrietta Williams, wife of an Empire Zinc striker, just prior to being thrown to the ground and hauled away to jail, where Mosley requested JP judge to place her under an peace bond because he is deathly afraid of her.
5: 74
Bersabe Yuagado, age 64. Wife of Local 890 striker, run down by scab driver auto. August 23, at Empire division of New Jersey Zinc Co. Mine
Scabs were told by Grant County, New Mexico Sheriff L .K. Goforth to go through the line if you have to kill all of the women pickets.
5: 75
Deputy Louis Rhea striking Mary Perez on the picket line at Empire division of New Jersey Zinc company
11-month picket line at Hanover, New Mexico, New Mexico near Bayard. Louis Rhea, former company-paid gunman, now deputy sheriff, marking arrest after Mary Perez, woman picket, from all-women picket line just after being struck over the head by Rhea, later black-jacked by him. Mrs. Perez is being held in Grant County Jail for peace bond secured on complaints of Rhea and another deputy who is working as a scab behind the picket lines, who testified they were deathly afraid of her. This picture is proof of the opposite.
5: 76
Mrs. Consuelo Martinez, wife of Empire Zinc striker, being carried on a stretcher. Bayard, New Mexico district-wide Mine Mill strike,
1951 August 23
Run over by scabs (2 cars); leg broken in two places. Consuelo Martinez, wife of a Local 890 striker and mother of 5 children, run down and hospitalized with broken leg by scab-driven auto after scabs were told to go through that picket line if you have to kill all the women by Grant County sheriff L. K. Goforth at Empire division of New Jersey Zinc Company mine, on strike for 11 months. All-woman picket line since June 13, when District judge ordered company road marked Private cleared of all pickets.
5: 77
Male picket line before women took over. Empire Zinc unit, Local 890, IUMM and SW, Hanover, New Mexico,
1950
5: 78
Women picket line. Acutal scene. Empire Zinc Co., Hanover, New Mexico,
1951
5: 79
Denver, shortly after arrest in union case. L to R: Virginia Jencks; Clinton Michael Jencks; Clinton E. Jencks; Linda Jencks
, 1953 Summer
ultimately won in U.S. Supreme Court, 1956.
5: 80
Vicente Becerra and family. He is a Shop-Steward. Empire Zinc and Mine Mill, Hanover, New Mexico, Local 890, IUMM and SW,
1954 (Color Snapshot)
5: 81
At table: Press conference: Albert Kahn, Publisher, Cameron and Kahn; Harvey Matusow, Author of False Witness; Angus Cameron, Publisher, Cameron and Kahn
5: 82
Miners gathered in a group,
1953
From Salt of the Earth. Independent Productions and Local 890, IUMM and SW, Bayard, New Mexico.
5: 83
Clorinda Alderette
Played the part of Luz, a miner's wife in the film, .
5: 84
Virginia Jencks as Ruth Barnes in Salt of the Earth
5: 85
L to R: Rsaura Revueltas as Esperanza; Clorinda Alderette as Luz; Angela Sanchez as Consuelo; Virginia Jencks as Ruth; and Henrietta Williams as Teresa, all in a scene from the film Salt of the Earth
5: 86
Rosaura Revueltas as Esperanza, and Mary Lou Castillo as Estella, in a scene from the film Salt of the Earth
5: 87
Mary Lou Castillo as Estella in the film Salt of the Earth
5: 88
Rosaura Revuletas as Esperanza and Juan Chacon as Ramon in a scene from the film, Salt of the Earth
5: 89
Eviction scene from the film Salt of the Earth. Women are carrying furniture back into the house
5: 90
Juan Chacon, as Ramon, takes his children from Esperanza. Rosaura Revueltas, as Esperanza, Will Geer as the Sheriff; he looks on in the scene from Salt of the Earth
5: 91
Henrietta Williams as Teresa in film Salt of the Earth
5: 92
Ernie Velasquez, Local 890
5: 93
Local 890. Two little Mexican American girls standing outside of home
5: 94
Angela Sanchez as Consuelo in the film Salt of the Earth
5: 95
55th Convention. International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers,
1960
First row: Nick Castillo, Arturo Flores, Ernie Velasquez; Clinton E. Jencks, and his son, Clinton Michael Jencks. Second row, Robert Kirker; Juan Chacon; Virginia Jencks; Luis Arraiza; Virginia Chacon; Clorinda Alderette; Frank Alderette.
Originals and copy photographs numbered identically.
8: 1
Morenci Southern Railroad funeral train carrying father
8: 2
Snapshot of Edward Montoya in uniform seated on porch,
circa 1944
8: 3
Snapshot of Edward Montoya in uniform standing ona wall beside a saguaro,
circa 1944
8: 4
Half-profile portrait of Edward Montoya in uniform,
circa 1944
Caption on back, partially legible, reads "Dearest Darling... Hello! darling [this] is the best I could do. [It] was raining like heck. Y[ou] can see my watch [wa...] band, [conduct?] badge, [te...] Battle Star. Good Conduct ribbon. Well I hope you like them. I love you Red. How do you like my ironing. Yours, Eddie."
8: 5
Head-and-shoulders studio portrait of Edward Montoya in white shirt; pre-War
8: 6
Bust portrait of Edward Montoya in uniform,
circa 1944
Caption reads "To my girl, Aloisa, Hello Darling. All I can say is look what battle does to a guy."
8: 7
Snapshot of boy in a field, building and mountains in background. Dad 8 yr. old
8: 8
Snapshot of Edward Montoya, in uniform with sergeant stripes, and two other soldiers,
circa 1944
8: 9
Snapshot of Edward Montoya in uniform standing on the end of a gun barrel of a tank,
circa 1944
8: 10
Snapshot of Edward Montoya squatting at the edge of a street, wearing military cap,
circa 1944
Caption reads "Hello Darling I love ... and always will be true ... to me. Thats all I ask ... you. Yours and only your... Eddie."
8: 11
Snapshot of Mrs. Montoya in her early twenties
8: 12
Mr. Montoya in a dark hat
8: 13
Studio portrait of Edward Montoya and his two brothers, all under age ten,
circa 1930
8: 14
Full-length portrait of Abelino G. Lucero of St. Johns, Arizona in uniform,
circa 1918
Snapshot of Morales Freight Line truck on the side of the road,
1944
9: 2
Group portrait of boy scouts; troop headed by S. A. Morales; Chase Creek Road, Clifton, Arizona
9: 3
Studio portrait of S. A. Morales, member of draft board,
circa 1940
9: 4
Bust portrait of S. A. Morales in a cap and bow tie,
1926
9: 5
S. A. Morales in his sixties. Photograph by Dutton and Gerczynski (Phoenix),
circa 1965
9: 6
Peter Riley, Judge T. E. Allen, and S. A. Morales (L to R), members of the draft board, in a park during celebrations for departing draftees; Clifton, Arizona,
1941 April 27
9: 7
Morales Freight Line truck and backhoe on the road,
1944
Originals and copy photography numbered identically. Prints from original copy negatives and contacts from ASU Archives copy negatives of Pintek's copy prints.
13: 1
Men gathered in front of the post office during the deportation of Mexican workers; start of drive; Bisbee, Arizona,
1917
13: 2
Men going up the hill out of Lowell towards Warren, Arizona,
1917
13: 3
Deportation of I.W.W. marching down the [railroad] track from Bisbee. Photograph by Dix. Sacramento curve at Mexican Mission or Old C and A Hospital,
1917
13: 4
Workers at the bottom of Main Street in Lowell; Brophy Garage and Supply Building in background,
1917
13: 5
Workers marching along railroad tracks with men carrying rifles,
1917
13: 6
A birds-eye view of drive out of Lowell and climbing the hill towards Bakerville via Warren,
1917
13: 7
Marching from Lowell, deportation of I.W.W.s. Photograph by Dix,
1917 July 12
13: 8
Deportation of I.W.W.s passing Bakerfield. Photograph by Dix,
1917 July 12
Handwritten caption on verso notes Drive at Bakerville on the way to Warren (note taker of picture states that it was Bakersfield, which is wrong).
13: 9-10
Crowd watching strikers in box cars,
1917
13: 11
Men assembled in ballpark, deportation of I.W.W.s; Warren, Arizona. Photograph by Dix,
1917 July 12
13: 12
Marching men to train, deportation of I.W.W.s. Photograph by Dix,
1917 July 12
Arrow in photo points to Bill Cleary in bottom center
13: 13
Deportation of I.W.W.s, friends bidding strikers [in boxcars] goodbye. Photograph by Dix,
1917 July 12
13: 14
Bill Cleary, attorney, President of Union [young fellow]
13: 15
Train leaving for New Mexico, deportation of I.W.W.s. Photography by Dix,
1917 July 12
13: 16
Crowd at train station, box cars in background; Warren, Arizona,
1917
Originals and copy photographs numbered identically.
14: 1
Studio portrait of Benito Velasquez, David Velasquez's father
14: 2
Studio portrait of Eduvijes Rodriguez, David Velasquez's mother
14: 3
Studio portrait of the Velasquez family,
1910 May 18
Seated (L to R): Antonia and her daughter, Maura; Mariana, holding her granddaughter Felicitas; Alberto Velasquez; Francisca Velasquez; Eduvijes Rodriguez Velasquez; Anita Velasquez. Standing (L to R): Albina Velasquez, Jose Velasquez, Albino Velasquez, Benita Velasquez, Manuel Velasquez, Rafael Velasquez.
14: 4
P.D. Council. Cleveland, Ohio. Photograph by Coronet Studios,
1946
David Velasquez is in the front row, third from the left; Orval Larson in front row, far right.
14: 5
David Velasquez (fourth from left at intersection of the tables), Henry Marquez (second from left), and others at a banquet; Cleveland, Ohio,
1946
14: 6
Minero in strike line at entrance to Phelps Dodge; El Paso, Texas,
circa 1946
14: 7
Union officers with charter for Local 616 of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers union; Henry Marquez, financial secretary; Henry K. Holt, trustee; Leo Ortiz, international representative; J. L. Terry, vice-president; Ralph C. Morones, recording secretary; and David Velasquez, president,
circa 1946
14: 8
Orval Larson leading picket line at Phelps Dodge with Mexicanos; El Paso, Texas,
1946
14: 9
Mexicanos strikers in a picket line at Phelps Dodge; David Velasquez kneeling in front; El Paso, Texas,
1946
14: 10
Huelgistas; Mexicanos strikers marching along railroad tracks; Metcalf, Arizona,
1915 September 12
Leader is carrying a sign which reads Viva la Union.
14: 11
Snapshot of men by a soft-drink cooler on Labor Day,
1945
14: 12-13
International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers organizers in front of a parade float, Labor Day,
1945
14: 14
Parade float with banner: "Morenci Miners Union"; Labor Day,
1945
14: 15
Henry Marquez and women at a desert botanical garden,
circa 1950
14: 16
Snapshot of David Velasquez leaning against a lamppost near sculpture,
circa 1945
14: 17
Snapshot of David Velasquez on a wharf; Port Ribble,
circa 1945
14: 18
Snapshot of David Velasquez standing next to the base of a sculpture, large city on horizon,
circa 1945
14: 19
Snapshot of David Velasquez by a wire gate; Near Almagordo, New Mexico,
circa 1945
14: 20
Snapshot of Henry Marquez and unidentified man on steps of a building next to a cannon,
circa 1940
14: 21
Snapshot of Henry Marquez, his wife Lilian, and others vacationing in a large city; Pike[?],
circa 1940
14: 22
Musicians playing in park; Morenci, Arizona,
circa 1940
14: 23
Strikers with pickets; Morenci, Arizona,
circa 1940
14: 24-36
IUMMSW strike; Morenci, Arizona,
1945 (1 Contact Sheet; 12 Images; Details of Each Frame)
14: 37-127
Filming of Salt of the Earth (6 Contact Sheets; 72 Images; Details of Each Frame)
Studio portrait of J. J. Villanueva, Sr. (Postcard)
15: 2
Portrait of J. J. Villanueva, Sr.
Caption reads "Dedico este pequeno recuerdo a mi apreciable Esposa Luz a de Villanueva tu esposo. J. Jesus Villanueva"
15: 3
Studio portrait of J. J. Villanueva, Sr. (seated) and an unidentified man,
circa 1930
15: 4-5
Mineros at lunch break in the open pit mine in Morenci,
circa 1948
15: 6-16
Snapshots of open pit mine at Morenci,
1975
15: 17
Power plant, Miami Copper Company. Printed by the Albertype Company (Brooklyn, N.Y.); published by Norris-Kennedy Drug Company
Caption reads "Esta es casa de Fuerza de Miami; sea la Compania por la cual soy ahora empleado. J. J. Villanueva." Translation: "This is the Miami power plant, where I am now working."
15: 18
Concentrator; Miami, Arizona. Photography by Kelley's Studio (Miami, Arizona)
Caption reads "En este lugar hay mil quinientos hombres, poco mas que menos Todos disfrutan del mismo sueldo de $5.65. Dichos aumento se deben a las Uniones. Su fich amanto J. J. Villanueva." Translation: "There are five hundred men working here, more or less. They all enjoy the same salary of $5.65. They owe this raise to the Unions. Your [?] lover, J. J. Villanueva."
