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Alfred Whiting collection, 1930-1981

MS-003


Overview of the Collection

Creator: Whiting, Alfred F.
Title: Alfred Whiting collection,
Inclusive Dates: 1930-1981
Quantity: 5.06 linear feet (154.3 cm) textual material, 254 photographic images (244 prints, 144 negatives), 14 7-inch reels, 24 DAT cartridges, 57 CDs
Abstract:Botanist, Anthropologist, and Ethnobotanist, Alfred Whiting's career took to institutions across the United States (Museum of Northern Arizona, Michigan Ethnobotanical Laboratory, University of Oregon, Dartmouth College Museum). This collection consists of his research materials, particularly as they relate to his research at the Museum of Northern Arizona.
Identification: MS-003
Language: Materials are primarily inEnglish, but a significant portion of the collection relates to the Hopi and Tewa languages. There are transcriptions of the vocabulary of these languages, as well as audio recordings. Also included is a dictionary of Walapai and Supai vocabulary.
Repository: Museum of Northern Arizona
3101 N. Fort Valley Rd.
Flagstaff, Az 86001
928-774-5211 ext. 256 or 269
library@mna.mus.az.us

Biographical Note

Alfred Frank Whiting was born in Burlington, Vermont in 1912. After attending public schools, Whiting enrolled at the University of Vermont where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1933. Whiting then enrolled in graduate school at the University of Michigan, and received an M.A. in Taxonomic Botany the next year.

In the summer of 1935, Whiting became the Curator of Biology at the Museum of Northern Arizona. At MNA, he and Dr. Volney H. Jones, who was also from Michigan, surveyed Hopi crop plants for the Michigan Ethnobotanical Laboratory. Whiting also recorded Edmund Nequatewa, a Hopi who was an MNA staff member, who provided information about the names and uses of the cultivated and wild plants Whiting and Jones had collected on the Hopi mesas. Whiting, whose title had changed to Curator of Botany, continued to collect Hopi crops and wild plants of the area until the fall of 1937. At this time, he entered the University of Chicago to work on a Ph.D. in the combined fields of botany and anthropology.

In the summer of 1938, Whiting returned to Flagstaff and completed the Ethnobotany of the Hopi manuscript, which was published the next year in MNA Bulletin 15. Whiting spent the next two school years working on his Ph.D. in Chicago where he met and married Dorothy J. West. They moved to Flagstaff in September 1940 for two years while Whiting concluded fieldwork among the Havasupai in preparation for his dissertation on their ethnobotany. During this time, he also served as Curator at MNA.

In July 1942, Whiting and his family moved back to Chicago where he continued his graduate work until the fall of 1944. He then accepted an assistant professorship at the University of Oregon in the Anthropology department. Due to World War II and other circumstances, Whiting never finished his degree. At Oregon, Whiting taught classes and completed curatorial work at the Oregon State Museum. At Oregon, Whiting published the article “The Origin of Corn, an Evaluation of Fact and Theory” in American Anthropologist.

While in Oregon, Whiting and his wife divorced, and his two sons returned with her to Chicago. In the spring of 1947, Whiting moved to Tucson and Tumacacori and spent several years there. At the University of Arizona and the Arizona State Museum, Whiting researched and wrote “A Kino Triptych” and “The Tumacacori Census of 1796.” Whiting also briefly served as a master at the Santa Cruz Valley School in 1950-1951.

In the summer of 1951, Whiting had the opportunity to be a member of the Cornell University Cultural Seminar, which allowed international students to spend one week with various peoples of the Southwest. A year later, Whiting was awarded a two-year appointment as District Anthropologist for Ponape, Eastern Carolines, U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. While interviewing for the position, he saw Marjorie Grant, whom he had met at the seminar the previous summer. They were soon married and moved to the South Pacific.

Once the appointment ended, Whiting and his wife went to Guam. Marjorie stayed in Guam and Whiting returned to the United States for a short trip. When Whiting learned his first wife was hospitalized, he cancelled the trip back to Guam in order to care for his two young sons. He took his sons East with him and obtained a teaching position at a high school in Rockport, Massachusetts. After Marjorie returned in August, they lived near Boston so she could work on her Ph.D. During the next summer, Whiting worked at the Children’s Museum of Bridgeport, Connecticut. Around this time, Whiting learned he had been appointed Curator of Anthropology at Dartmouth College Museum.

At Dartmouth, he prepared new exhibits, offered guided tours for beginning sociology classes to introduce students to physical and cultural anthropology, and taught several classes including one on museum methods. Soon after he arrived at Dartmouth, Whiting and his wife separated.

In 1961, Whiting was promoted to the rank of Assistant Professor and retained his title of Curator of Anthropology. Five years later he became Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology while continuing as Curator. During his years at Dartmouth, Whiting published numerous book reviews, articles on museology, and articles on Hopi life. In the summer of 1974, Whiting retired and moved to Arizona. He renewed his association with MNA where he commuted once a week from his home in Cornville, Arizona to work on a revision of Ethnobotany of the Hopi.

During his retirement, Whiting intended to prepare his research for publication. This was not to be, however, as Whiting was diagnosed with bone cancer in the fall of 1977 and died a few months later.


Scope and Content

The collection contains extensive ethnographic notes on Havasupai and Hopi culture and language, including a Walapai-Supai dictionary as well as notes on Havasupai basketry and phonetics. The Hopi materials also include a vast amount of field research on ethnobotany, ethnozoology, clothing and artifacts. All are meticulously organized by Whiting. Also included are a series of photographs from a 1941 trip to Grand Canyon and surrounding areas, depicting various aspects of Havasupai life, arts and crafts, buildings, and so on. The reels, data cartridges and CDs are audio recordings of interviews with Jim Kewanwytewa, Edmund Nequatewa and Henry Shelton, all members of the Hopi tribe. They cover a wide range of Hopi and Tewa vocabulary, including words for clothing, plants, animals and foods. Also included in the collection is a survey of Hopi arts and crafts that Whiting produced for the Indian Arts and Crafts Board in 1942, as well as field notes and photographs on the Seri from a 1951 trip to Tiburon Island, Mexico. It also includes some materials about Whiting, written around the time of his death and thereafter.


Series List

Series 1: Havasupai Materials
Series 2: Walapai Materials
Series 3: Hopi Materials
Subseries 3.1: Hopi Ethnobotany
Sub-subseries 3.1.1: Hopi Ethnobotany by Plant Type
Sub-subseries 3.1.2: Miscellaneous Hopi Ethnobotany Materials
Sub-subseries 3.1.3: Ethnobotany of the Hopi Manuscript
Subseries 3.2: Hopi Ethnozoology
Subseries 3.3: Hopi Textiles
Subseries 3.4: Audio Materials
Subseries 3.5: Hopi Arts and Crafts Survey
Subseries 3.6: Hopi Ethnology
Series 4: Seri Materials
Series 5: Whiting Personal Material

Restrictions

Conditions Governing Access

Viewing restrictions were placed on particular photographs in this collection due to the culturally sensitive nature of the subjects. These restrictions were placed by the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office. Contact the Museum of Northern Arizona Archivist for information on obtaining permission for viewing these images.

Conditions Governing Use

Unpublished and published manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.


Related Material

Northern Arizona University Archives and Special Collections houses additional materials collected by Alfred Whiting. The National Anthropological Archives has a collection of Whiting material from his time in the Pacific Islands.


Controlled Access Terms

Personal Name(s)
Kewanwytewa, Jimmy, 1888-1966
Nequatewa, Edmund, 1880-1969
Pattie, James O., 1804-1850
Whiting, Alfred F.

Geographic Name(s)
Bacavi (Ariz.)
Cataract Canyon (Wayne County-San Juan County, Utah)
Colorado Plateau
Flagstaff (Ariz.)
Grand Canyon (Ariz.)
Havasupai Reservation (Ariz.)
Hopi Indian Reservation (Ariz.)
Hotevilla (Ariz.)
Museum of Northern Arizona
Navajo National Monument (Ariz.)
Tiburon Island (Mexico)

Subject(s)
All-Indian Pow-Wow (Flagstaff, Ariz.)
Animals
Catclaw acacia
Desert plants
Desert plants -- Arizona
Ethnobiology
Ethnobiology -- Arizona
Ethnobotany
Ethnology
Ethnozoology
Folklore
Havasupai language
Havasupai mythology
Havasupai Indians
Havasupai Indians -- Religion
Havasupai Indians -- Social life and customs
Havasupai baskets
Hopi Indians
Hopi Indians -- Agriculture
Hopi Indians -- Ethnobotany
Hopi Indians -- Folklore
Hopi Indians -- Jewelry
Hopi Indians -- Music
Hopi Indians -- Religion
Hopi Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
Hopi art
Hopi language
Hopi mythology
Hopi textile fabrics
Hualapai language
Human-plant relationships
Kachinas
Minerals
Mythology
Ornithology
Plant ecology
Plants -- Folklore
Proboscidea louisianica
Seri Indians
Seri Indians -- Ethnobotany
Seri Indians -- Ethnozoology
Seri language
Tewa language


Administrative Information

Preferred Citation

Alfred Whiting collection, MS-003. The Museum of Northern Arizona.

Acquisition Information

Materials were donated in nine separate accessions/accruals:

Accession MS-3, donated 1941 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-59, donated 1964-1977 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-108, donated 1974 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-117, donated 1967 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-140, donated 1969-1975 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-164, donated 1970 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-202, donated 1969 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-219, donated 1975 by Alfred Whiting
Accrual MS-248, donated 1964 by Alfred Whiting, 1978 by Joel Whiting and 1979 by David Seaman
Accrual MS-268, 1978

Processing Information

Finding aid updated by Dave Wildermuth using DACS, 11 May 2010.


Container List

Series 1: Havasupai Materials 1940-1977 21.3 cm textual material, 178 photographic images (178 prints, 96 safety negatives)
Materials related to the Havasupai, including "Using Fiction to Fight Fiction," an unpublished article challenging James O. Pattie's 1826 account of travels in an area in which he should have encountered the Havasupai but apparently did not. The 1976-1977 materials are on a plant called Devil's Claw and its uses by the Havasupai, including notes on specimens found in the Museum of Northern Arizona's botany collection.
BoxFolder
11-2 Havasupai field notes, 1940-1941
13-4 Havasupai photos, 1941
15 Havasupai Habitat draft, 1952
BoxFolder
21 Havasupai Habitat draft, 1952
22-4 Havasupai Habitat [completed], circa 1961
BoxFolder
31 Havasupai basketry, 1943
33 Havasupai phonetics, circa 1961
BoxFolder
206 Using Fiction to Fight Fiction, 1964
209 Correspondence [Devil's Claw], 1976-1977
2010 Notes [Devil's Claw], 1976-1977
2011 Manuscripts [Devil's Claw], 1976-1977
Series 2: Walapai Materials 1973 2cm textual material
Series contains Whiting’s manuscript of a dictionary of Walapai and Supai vocabulary, along with English translations.
BoxFolder
32 Walapai-Supai dictionary, 1973
Series 3: Hopi Materials 1930-1978 120.3 cm textual materials, 14 7-inch reels, 24 DAT cartridges, 57 CDs, 3 photographic images (3 prints)
Subseries 3.1: Hopi Ethnobotany
Sub-subseries 3.1.1: Hopi Ethnobotany by Plant Type
Sub-subseries 3.1.2: Miscellaneous Hopi Ethnobotany Materials
Sub-subseries 3.1.3: Ethnobotany of the Hopi Manuscript
Subseries 3.2: Hopi Ethnozoology
Subseries 3.3: Hopi Textiles
Subseries 3.4: Audio Materials
Subseries 3.5: Hopi Arts and Crafts Survey
Subseries 3.6: Hopi Ethnology
Subseries 3.1: Hopi Ethnobotany 1936-1977 71.3 cm textual material
Subseries contains materials on Hopi ethnobotany, many of which are organized by type of plant. There is also a manuscript of a book that Whiting intended to publish, entitled Ethnobotany of the Hopi, as well as miscellaneous materials.
Sub-subseries 3.1.1: Hopi Ethnobotany by Plant Type
Sub-subseries 3.1.2: Miscellaneous Hopi Ethnobotany Materials
Sub-subseries 3.1.3: Ethnobotany of the Hopi Manuscript
Sub-subseries 3.1.1: Hopi Ethnobotany by Plant Type
BoxFolder
55 Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, 1977
56 Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae, 1964
57 Botany, 1936-1941
58 Cactaceae, circa 1964
59 Capparidaceae, Saxifragaceae, Rosaceae, circa 1977
512 Compositae, circa 1974
BoxFolder
61 Corn [1], circa 1970s
62 Corn [2], 1974-1976
64 Cruciferae, circa 1974
65 Cucurbitaceae, circa 1977
67 Ephedraceae, Typhaceae, circa 1977
69 Gramineae (non-Zea), circa 1977
BoxFolder
72 Hydrophyllaceae, Borginaceae, Heliotrope, circa 1974
73 Leguminosae, circa 1974
76 Malvaceae (non Gossymium), circa 1971
710 Papaeraceae, Cruciferae, Berberidaceae, circa 1974
711 Phaseolus, circa 1976
712 Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, circa 1977
713 Polygonaceae, Nyctaginaceae, circa 1974
714 Portulacaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae, circa 1964
716 Salicaceae, circa 1964
717 Scrophulariaceae, Martyniaceae, circa 1974
718 Solanaceae, circa 1977
719 Trees, circa 1966
720 Trees, Flowers, Ferns, etc, circa 1974
721 Verbenaceae, Labiatae, circa 1974
722 Voucer, Vestal: Significant Differences from AFW, 1964
723 Yucca, circa 1969
724 Zea, circa 1977
BoxFolder
105 Commelinaceae, Tradescantia, undated
Sub-subseries 3.1.2: Miscellaneous Hopi Ethnobotany Materials
BoxFolder
34 Field Notes [1], 1964
BoxFolder
52 Correspondence, 1940-1942
53 Correspondence, 1964-1976
54 Correspondence – Hopi Beans, 1936-1937
510 Checklist of Plants of Navajo National Monument, 1941
511 Colorado Plateau Region, 1935-1941
BoxFolder
63 Corrections, Botanical Specimens, Specimen List, Misc. Notes, circa 1973
66 Diary, Misc. Notes, 1964, circa 1965-1974
68 Field Notes [2], 1964
610 Hopi Crop Survey, 1935-1941, 1977
BoxFolder
71 Hopi Crops, circa 1974
74 List of Plants from MNA, 1930-1938
75 List of Unusual Plants from the Wupatki Area, 1941
77 Miscellaneous, circa 1976-1978
78 Miscellaneous, 1967-1976
BoxFolder
82 Ecology, Briefed from "Plant Ecology" and "Plant Geography on a Physiological Basis", 1938
83 Ethnobotany at MNA, 1976
85 Bakavi Trip, 1964
86 Catalogue Cards, circa 1976
87 Fred Harvey Loan, 1976
89 MNA Catalogue, undated
811 Voth Collection, 1970
812 Plants [corn, trees], circa 1966
813 Plants [wheat, corn], circa 1966
BoxFolder
91 Plants [corn, grass], circa 1966
92 Plants [yucca, lilies, crucifer, capparidaceae], circa 1966
93 Plants [rose, beans, geranium], circa 1966
BoxFolder
101 Plants [composite, aster], circa 1966
102 Plants [malraceae, cactus, solanum, mint], circa 1966
103 Plants [onagraceae], circa 1966
BoxFolder
111 Hopi Plants, Misc. Unfiled Notes [Salix, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranth, Nuctaginaceae], circa 1964
Sub-subseries 3.1.3: Ethnobotany of the Hopi Manuscript
BoxFolder
45 Ethnobotany of the Hopi [2], 195, 1977
BoxFolder
51 Ethnobotany of the Hopi [1], 1939, circa 1974
BoxFolder
81 Bibliography to "Ethnobotany of the Hopi", circa 1974
84 Index to Ethnobotany of the Hopi, 1977
BoxFolder
126-7 Hopi Ethnobotany Notes, circa 1974
Subseries 3.2: Hopi Ethnozoology 1967-1973 12.5 cm textual material
Subseries contains materials on Hopi ethnozoology and ornithology.
BoxFolder
35 Hopi Ornithology, 1973
BoxFolder
112-3 Hopi Ethnozoology; Lower Animals, Shells, Insects, Amphibians, Snakes, 1967
114 Hopi Ethnozoology; Mammals, circa 1967
115 Hopi Ethnozoology; Mammals [Carnivores], 1967
Subseries 3.3: Hopi Textiles 1944-1976 13.3 cm textual material
Subseries contains materials on Hopi looms, rugs, clothing and ritual garb.
BoxFolder
41 Hopi Textiles, 1967-1975
44 Loom and Its Parts, circa 1944
BoxFolder
715 Prehistoric Shirt, 1975-1976
BoxFolder
810 MNA Inventory of Textiles, undated
BoxFolder
122 Hopi Loom, 1967
BoxFolder
12-131-3 Hopi Costume, 1970
BoxFolder
181 Thirty Hopi Rugs in MNA, 1970
182-3 Inventory List of Rugs, Clothing and Ritual Costume, 1970-1971
Subseries 3.4: Audio Materials 1964-1976 6.1 cm textual materials, 14 7-inch reels, 24 DAT cartridges, 57 CDs
Subseries contains audio recordings of Hopi and Tewa vocabulary in 7-inch reel form, as well as copies on DAT and CD (which are contained in box 15 and box 16. Textual transcripts and notes are also included.
BoxFolder
42 Transcripts – Hopi Tape Recordings, 1964-1976
43 Transcripts – Hopi Tape Recordings [Additional Notes], 1964-1976
BoxFolder
79 MNA Tape Notes, 1964-1965
BoxFolder
141 Jim Kewanwytewa (at Museum of Northern Arizona) interviewed by Whiting. Critical word list, mostly concerning costumes - vocabulary, 1964
142 Edmund Nequatewa at Polacca. Names of plants and animals. Comments on "Ethnobotany of the Hopi" and other subjects, 1964
143 Textiles, old Hopi blanket, belts, pottery. Jim K on old belts, Hopi, Tahumara, Huichol, 1964
144 Tuba, birds and animals, Tarahumara belts, 1964
145 Edmund on plant collection at Polacca and also Frank Capella on the same, 1964
146 Hopi foods, in Hopi without translation. Hopi and Tewa names for domestic plants and animals. Tewa numerals, 1965
147 Hopi and Tewa plants and animals. Migration legends, place names, kinship terms, etc, 1964
148 Plants and animal life continued. Frank Sahmea, Hopi of Walpi, translated by Albert Sinquah and wife, 1964
149 Kachina costume, animal names at Polacca. Tewa and Hopi animal names. Domestic animals. Hopi ceremonial costume, 1965
1410 Tewa names for animals and domestic plants. Animal names and parts in Hopi and Tewa. Birds and animals at Museum, in Hopi, 1964-1965
1411 Tewa plant names and cultivated plants, 1964
1412 Plants, mammals and birds, by George Cochise, Tewa. Interview by Lynn Mason, 1964
1413 Henry Shelton pronouncing words and discussing them, 1969
1414 Henry Shelton pronouncing words and discussing them, continued, 1969
Box
15-16 DAT cartridges and CDs, undated
BoxFolder
184 YOU Can Record Hopi, 1969
Subseries 3.5: Hopi Arts and Crafts Survey 1942 8.5 cm textual materials
Subseries contains notes and a manuscript of a 1942 study conducted by Whiting to analyze the artistic goods produced by the Hopi as well as trends in the sales of these items
BoxFolder
134-5 Hopi Arts and Crafts Survey Manuscript, 1942
BoxFolder
171-2 Hopi Arts and Crafts Survey Manuscript, 1942
173 Hopi Arts and Crafts Survey Work Sheets, 1942
Subseries 3.6: Hopi Ethnology 1964-1967 8.6 cm textual material, 3 photographic images (3 prints)
Subseries contains materials related to various aspects of Hopi culture, including jewelry, music, family life, ritual practices and astronomy. Also included are biographical materials related to Edmund Nequatewa. A fictional story entitled The Bischoffs in Hotevilla is also part of the subseries. The characters in this story are based on a family with whom Whiting was acquainted; they had never actually been to the Hopi Reservation.
BoxFolder
88 Hopi Terms of Landscape [Jimmy Kewanwytewa], undated
BoxFolder
104 Hopi Kachinas, Rough Draft, 1964
108 Hopi Tiponi (Medicine Bundles) and Clan History, 1968
BoxFolder
123 Hopi Jewelry, 1967
124 Hopi Music, 1967
125 Hopi Stars, 1967
BoxFolder
174 Autobiography of Edmund Nequatewa As Told to A.F. Whiting, 1942
175 Addenda to Edmund's Autobiography, 1961
176 Notes on Three Hopi Texts, 1935
177 Three Hopi Texts, 1935
178 Ten Hopi Essays, Texts, Etc, 1935, 1940, 1975
179 [Photographs of Edmund and June Nequatewa], circa 1931
BoxFolder
185 The Bischoffs in Hotevilla, 1969
BoxFolder
205 The Hopi Family, 1937
Series 4: Seri Materials 1951-1958 9.4 cm textual material, 72 photographic images (62 prints, 48 negatives)
Series contains diaries, field notes and photographs from a 1951 trip by Whiting to study the Seri Indians of Tiburon Island, Mexico. Materials on Seri artifacts at the Museum of the American Indian are also included.
BoxFolder
186 [Notes on Seri Trip], 1951
187 A Seri Diary, 1951
188 A Seri Diary [2nd Draft], 1951
189 A Seri Diary, With Photographs, 1951
1810 Some Preliminary Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Seri, 1951
BoxFolder
191 Ethnobotany of the Seri, Preliminary Drafts, 1951-1957
192 McGee and Gentry Botanical Notes, 1951
193 Bibliography, 1951
194 Ethnozoology of the Seri [field notes], 1951
195-6 Seri Specimens in the Museum of the American Indian, 1958
197 Notes on Seri Collections [Museum of the American Indian], 1958
198 [Seri Specimen Photographs], 1958
199 [Seri Prints and Negatives], 1951
Series 5: Whiting Personal Material 1957-1981 1.3 cm textual material, 1 photographic image (1 print)
Materials about Alfred Whiting, including a bibliography, funeral program and remembrances, were found in the collection. Also included is a picture book assembled by Whiting in 1957 about the people he observed at the All-Indian Pow-Wow in Flagstaff, entitled “Look Who’s Looking.”
BoxFolder
202 Look Who's Looking, 1957
203 [Correspondence], 1975
201 [Photograph of Alfred Whiting], 1977
207 Bibliography of Alfred F. Whiting, circa 1978
204 [Funeral Program and Remembrances], 1978-1981